Table 3.
Characteristics Associated with Upper-Body Symptoms After Definitive Surgery for Breast Cancer
| Variable Categories (P-value for crude test of homogeneity) | Symptoms, N=119 (25%) | No Symptoms, N=366 (75%) | Mutually Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval)* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (P =.5) | |||
| 65–69 | 35 (29%) | 100 (27%) | Reference |
| 70–79 | 70 (59%) | 206 (56%) | 1.2 (0.74 to 2.0) |
| ≥80 | 14 (12%) | 60 (16%) | 1.0 (0.51 to 2.1) |
| Race (P =.6) | |||
| White | 115 (97%) | 346 (95%) | |
| Nonwhite | 4 (3%) | 20 (5%) | |
| Marital status (P =.13) | |||
| Married | 69 (58%) | 164 (45%) | |
| Widowed | 42 (35%) | 142 (39%) | |
| Other | 8 (7%) | 60 (16%) | |
| Education (P =.2) | |||
| <High school | 25 (21%) | 52 (14%) | |
| High school | 39 (33%) | 125 (34%) | |
| >High school | 55 (46%) | 188 (52%) | |
| Enrollment site (P =.8) | |||
| Los Angeles | 24 (20%) | 88 (24%) | Reference |
| Rhode Island | 31 (26%) | 86 (24%) | 1.1 (0.59 to 2.1) |
| North Carolina | 30 (25%) | 90 (25%) | 1.4 (0.72 to 2.6) |
| Minnesota | 34 (29%) | 102 (29%) | 1.2 (0.65 to 2.4) |
| Charlson comorbidity Index (P =.85) | |||
| 0 | 65 (55%) | 210 (57%) | |
| 1 | 44 (37%) | 129 (35%) | |
| >1 | 10 (8.4%) | 27 (7.3%) | |
| Body mass index: ≥30 (P <.001) | 41 (34%) | 59 (16%) | 2.5 (1.6 to 4.0) |
| MHI-5 Mean (SD) (P =.15) | 79.9 (19.6) | 82.7 (15.7) | |
| PFI-10 Mean(SD) (P =.13) | 79.2 (25.4) | 83.2 (21.4) | |
| Exercise performed (P =.03) | |||
| None | 12 (10%) | 74 (20%) | Reference |
| Recommended exercise | 83 (70%) | 216 (59%) | 1.8 (0.83 to 3.8) |
| Current exercise | 24 (20%) | 76 (21%) | 1.7 (0.86 to 3.3) |
| AJCC tumor stage (P =.12) | |||
| I | 51 (43%) | 191 (52%) | |
| IIA | 39 (33%) | 114 (31%) | |
| IIB | 25 (21%) | 47 (13%) | |
| IIIA | 4 (3%) | 14 (4%) | |
| Estrogen receptor status (P =.6) | |||
| Positive | 86 (74%) | 282 (78%) | |
| Negative | 18 (15%) | 45 (13%) | |
| Indeterminate | 13 (11%) | 33 (9%) | |
| Surgery (P =.004) | |||
| Breast conserving | 43 (37%) | 190 (53%) | Reference |
| Mastectomy | 72 (63%) | 171 (47%) | 1.4 (0.86 to 2.3) |
| Radiation therapy (P =.9) | 59 (50%) | 182 (50%) | |
| Axillary node dissection (P =.006) | 112 (97%) | 307 (89%) | 3.9 (1.1 to 14) |
| Surgery on dominant side (P =.9) | 65 (55%) | 198 (54%) |
*
Age category, enrollment site, follow-up time, and variables with P<.10 in bivariate analyses were included in the multivariate model.
SD, standard deviation.