Table 2.

 Clinical predictors of immediate, early, and late death in children admitted to hospital in Kenya. Figures are numbers of children^* and likelihood ratios

	Alive (n=7655)	Immediate (n=60)	Early (n=193)	Late (n=183)		Crude likelihood ratio (95% CI)
						Immediate	Early	Late
Length of history (days):
⩽7	6729	54	152	92		0.96 (0.87 to 1.07)	0.89 (0.83 to 0.96)	0.57 (0.49 to 0.66)
>7	898	9	41	91		1.27 (0.70 to 2.33)	1.80 (1.37 to 2.38)	4.22 (3.61 to 4.95)
History of fever:
No	1002	13	24	50		1.66 (1.02 to 2.69)	0.95 (0.65 to 1.39)	2.09 (1.64 to 2.66)
Yes	6653	47	168	133		0.90 (0.79 to 1.03)	1.01 (0.95 to 1.06)	0.84 (0.76 to 0.91)
History of diarrhoea:
No	5928	47	139	96		1.01 (0.89 to 1.16)	0.93 (0.86 to 1.02)	0.68 (0.59 to 0.78)
Yes	1727	13	53	87		0.96 (0.59 to 1.56)	1.22 (0.97 to 1.54)	2.11 (1.80 to 2.47)
History of cough:
No	4028	36	95	71		1.14 (0.92 to 1.40)	0.94 (0.81 to 1.09)	0.74 (0.61 to 0.89)
Yes	3626	24	97	112		0.84 (0.62 to 1.15)	1.07 (0.93 to 1.23)	1.29 (1.15 to 1.45)
History of seizures:
No	5722	41	130	163		0.91 (0.77 to 1.09)	0.91 (0.82 to 1.00)	1.19 (1.13 to 1.26)
Yes	1930	19	62	20		1.26 (0.86 to 1.82)	1.27 (1.03 to 1.57)	0.43 (0.29 to 0.66)
Jaundice:
No	7502	55	184	179		0.95 (0.89 to 1.02)	0.97 (0.94 to 0.99)	1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)
Yes	152	4	9	4		3.41 (1.31 to 8.91)	2.36 (1.22 to 4.55)	1.10 (0.41 to 2.94)
Severe anaemia (haemoglobin <50 g/l):
No	3436	30	148	149		0.62 (0.49 to 0.79)	0.91 (0.85 to 0.99)	0.96 (0.90 to 1.03)
Yes	1160	27	43	34		3.10 (2.15 to 4.10)	1.47 (1.13 to 1.93)	1.22 (0.89 to 1.66)
Wasting:
No	6241	39	162	65		0.85 (0.72 to 1.01)	0.75 (0.67 to 0.84)	0.44 (0.36 to 0.53)
Yes	1405	17	74	118		1.65 (1.11 to 2.46)	2.12 (1.76 to 2.55)	3.51 (3.12 to 3.95)
Kwashiorkor:
No	6844	50	144	84		0.93 (0.83 to 1.04)	0.84 (0.78 to 0.91)	0.51 (0.44 to 0.60)
Yes	806	10	47	99		1.58 (0.89 to 2.80)	2.34 (1.81 to 3.02)	5.13 (4.43 to 5.96)
Temperature:
<36°C	203	7	13	22		4.70 (2.32 to 9.52)	2.61 (1.52 to 4.49)	4.54 (3.00 to 6.88)
36-39°C	4934	41	128	143		1.13 (0.97 to 1.33)	1.06 (0.96 to 1.17)	1.21 (1.12 to 1.31)
>39°C	2490	8	46	17		0.44 (0.23 to 0.83)	0.75 (0.57 to 0.97)	0.29 (0.18 to 0.45)
Raised respiratory rate:
No	5373	26	98	119		0.75 (0.57 to 0.97)	0.73 (0.64 to 0.85)	0.94 (0.85 to 1.05)
Yes	2176	23	90	58		1.63 (1.21 to 2.20)	1.66 (1.42 to 1.94)	1.14 (0.92 to 1.41)
Subcostal indrawing:
No	6213	24	107	135		0.49 (0.36 to 0.47)	0.68 (0.60 to 0.77)	0.91 (0.83 to 0.99)
Yes	1432	36	86	48		3.20 (2.59 to 3.96)	2.38 (2.02 to 2.80)	1.40 (1.09 to 1.79)
Deep breathing:
No	7182	26	132	166		0.46 (0.35 to 0.62)	0.73 (0.66 to 0.80)	0.97 (0.92 to 1.04)
Yes	468	34	61	17		9.26 (7.30 to 11.8)	5.17 (4.12 to 6.47)	1.52 (0.96 to 2.41)
Neurological status:
Not prostrated	6851	13	91	162		0.24 (0.15 to 0.39)	0.53 (0.45 to 0.61)	0.99 (0.94 to 1.04)
Prostrated with seizures	206	1	11	1		0.62 (0.09 to 4.35)	2.12 (1.17 to 3.82)	0.20 (0.03 to 1.44)
Prostrated without seizures	364	17	43	9		5.94 (3.93 to 9.00)	4.67 (3.53 to 6.20)	1.03 (0.54 to 1.97)
Impaired consciousness with seizures	147	12	17	6		10.4 (6.13 to 17.7)	4.59 (2.83 to 7.42)	1.71 (0.76 to 3.81)
Impaired consciousness without seizures	67	17	30	5		32.4 (20.3 to 51.7)	17.8 (11.8 to 26.7)	3.12 (1.27 to 7.65)

^*Data are missing where numbers are less than the totals given in each column.