Detection of LipA in the periplasmic fraction, spheroplasts, and whole-cell extract (10 μg of protein per lane). SDS-PAGE (11% gel), Western blotting, and immunostaining with a rabbit antiserum against LipA were performed with the periplasmic fractions (A), spheroplasts (C) and whole-cell extracts (E) of E. coli HB2151 and E. coli HB2151ΔtatC transformed with pCANTABSpBlaLipA (lanes 1 and 2), pCANTABSpG3pLipA (lanes 3 and 4), or pCANTABSpTorALipA (lanes 5 and 6). Lanes 1, 3, and 5 contained samples from E. coli HB2151, and lanes 2, 4, and 6 contained samples from E. coli HB2151ΔtatC. Activities of LipA in the periplasmic fraction (B) and in the lysed spheroplasts (D) were determined using p-nitrophenyl caprylate as the substrate. +, enzyme activity; −, no enzyme activity.