TABLE 3.
Macrophage activation induced by molecular chaperones
| Protein | Eukaryotic proteina | Prokaryotic protein |
|---|---|---|
| Cpn10 | Human protein inhibits caMφ activation | M. tuberculosis protein induces osteoclastogenesis |
| Trx80 | Claimed to induce novel macrophage activation state | Not tested |
| Trx | Human Trx activates macrophages (state unknown) | A. actinomycetemcomitans protein does not activate macrophages |
| Cyclophilin A | Human protein activates macrophages (state unknown) | Bacterial proteins not tested |
| Peroxiredoxin | Eukaryotic protein induces aaMφ | Bacterial proteins not tested |
| Hsp27 | Human Hsp27 induces IL-10 but not tumor necrosis factor alpha | Bacterial proteins not tested |
| Hsp60 | Human Hsp60 induces a caMφ-like state | Certain mycobacterial proteins block myeloid cell activation |
| Hsp70 | Human protein induces a caMφ-like state | M. tuberculosis protein contains both inhibiting and activating domains |
| BiP | Inhibits monocyte activation and may induce aaMφ | No bacterial equivalent |
| Gp96 | Modified form of macrophage activation | Bacterial protein not tested |
| Clusterin | Induces what appears to be caMφ | No bacterial equivalent |
a
caMφ, classically activated macrophages; aaMφ, alternatively activated macrophages.