FIG. 4.

Effect of doxycycline on survival and neuronal damage in the cortex and the cochlear spinal ganglion. (A) When doxycycline was given 18 h after infection in addition to the antibiotic ceftriaxone (n = 67), it significantly improved the survival compared to treatment with antibiotics alone (Saline) (n = 65). (B) Adjuvant doxycycline (n = 67) (open circles) significantly reduced the extent of neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex compared with the extent of neuronal injury with saline (n = 65) (gray circles). (C) Density of type I neurons in the Rosenthal's canal at 3 weeks after the infection. Adjuvant doxycycline (30 mg/kg given s.c. every 24 h for 4 days; n = 20) significantly reduced the neuronal loss in the cochlear spiral ganglion compared to the neuronal loss with saline (n = 14).