Phosphorylation kinetics of tenofovir to mono- and diphosphate species in HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes. Primary human hepatocytes (A) and HepG2 cells (B) were treated with 10 μM tenofovir. At the indicated time points, cells were washed and lysed and the amounts of intracellular tenofovir, TFV-MP, and TFV-DP were quantified by LC/MS/MS. Parallel experiments were performed with 10 μM adefovir in primary hepatocytes (C) and HepG2 cells (D) to determine levels of adefovir, AFV-MP, and AFV-DP.