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. 2006 Jul;50(7):2420–2427. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01066-05

TABLE 3.

Time-dependent ART effects on TNF-α and IL-6 release from RAW264.7 cells induced by CpG ODN, LPS, or heat-killed E. colia

Treatment Time (h) Mean cytokine release (pg/ml) ± SDb
CpG ODN
LPS
Heat-killed E. coli
TNF-α IL-6 TNF-α IL-6 TNF-α IL-6
ART addition −4 1,231.5 ± 272.1** 233.5 ± 29.5** 1,314.5 ± 212.4** 100.6 ± 19.9** 1,376.9 ± 24.1** 258.8 ± 26.8**
−2 1,648.1 ± 17.2** 349.5 ± 39.5** 1,096.6 ± 117.9** 93.4 ± 15.9** 847.0 ± 134.9** 292.7 ± 74.2**
0 1,450.6 ± 61.9** 429.6 ± 11.5** 1,288.9 ± 104.3** 104.8 ± 7.2** 2,020.1 ± 57.0** 893.2 ± 75.7*
1 1,802.6 ± 21.2* 584.7 ± 49.6** 959.8 ± 71.3* 96.4 ± 12.3* 2,004.0 ± 76.5* 877.2 ± 86.7*
2 1,848.8 ± 222.3 873.2 ± 92.8* 1,657.9 ± 23.0 155.5 ± 43.8 2,734.4 ± 41.5* 925.3 ± 32.5
No ART 2,491.4 ± 141.5 861.5 ± 90.5 2,136.2 ± 23.4 379.5 ± 55.7 2,562.9 ± 155.0 942.1 ± 11.0
Medium 77.6 ± 31.5 241.5 ± 29.6 53.3 ± 10.6 90.7 ± 6.8 49.1 ± 11.5 240.8 ± 28.2
a

RAW264.7 cells (106/ml) were preincubated with 40 μg of ART/ml 2 or 4 h prior to, coincident with (0 h), or 1 or 2 h after the addition of the stimulator LPS (0.1 μg/ml), CpG ODN (10 μg/ml), or heat-killed E. coli (3.5 × 107 CFU/ml). After incubation for another 2 or 4 h, the cells were centrifuged, and 0.1 ml of supernatant was collected for TNF-α or IL-6 assay with the corresponding ELISA kits. The experiment was repeated three times. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 versus no ART.