Table I.

Culture conditions and investigations

Culture Conditions	Name of the Treatment	Total Ca Concentration in the Substrate	Total Zn Concentration in the Substrate	Duration of Exposure	Investigations	Grain Name
		mm	mm
Hydroponic	Control	0.28	0.08 × 10−3	24 h, 2 and 5 weeks	Zn contents in shoots; root and shoot growth and chlorophyll content (2 and 5 weeks only); CLSM (2 weeks only)
Hydroponic	Zn	0.28	0.25	24 h, 2 and 5 weeks	Zn contents in shoots; root and shoot growth and chlorophyll content (2 and 5 weeks only); CLSM (2 weeks only); SEM-EDX, μXRD, μXRF, and Zn μEXAFS on isolated grains (5 weeks only)	Zn1, Zn2
Hydroponic	Zn + Ca	3.28	0.25	24 h, 2 and 5 weeks	Zn contents in shoots; root and shoot growth and chlorophyll content (2 and 5 weeks only); SEM-EDX, μXRD, μXRF, and Zn μEXAFS on isolated grains (5 weeks only)	ZnCa1, ZnCa2, ZnCa3, ZnCa4
Hydroponic	Ca	3.28	0.08 × 10−3	5 weeks	SEM-EDX, μXRD, and μXRF on isolated grains	Ca1, Ca2
In vitro	In vitro-control	3	0.03	3 weeks	Shoot growth; size and number of grains; SEM-EDX on isolated grains; trichome density
In vitro	In vitro-Zn	3	1	3 weeks	Shoot growth; size and number of grains; SEM-EDX on isolated grains; trichome density
In vitro	In vitro-Zn + Ca	30	1	3 weeks	Shoot growth; size and number of grains; SEM-EDX on isolated grains; trichome density