Figure 4.

Inhibition of TLR9 attenuated CpG-induced synergy. A. Cells were treated with increasingconcentrations ofchloroquine (CQ; 1-10 μg/ml) for 1 hr prior to addition of CpG and/or IL-1β. Data represent means ± SEM for 3–7 separate experiments (compared to IL-1β alone, *p = 0.012, ANOVA). B. Cells were transfected with scrambled siRNA or TLR9 siRNA. 48 h later, cells were depleted of serum for 8 h and then treated with IL-1β and/or CpG for 16 h. Cell supernatants were harvested and analyzed for IL-8 by ELISA. Data represent means ± SEM for 4 separate experiments (compared to IL-1β alone, *p = 0.003, ANOVA). There was no statistical difference between IL-1β treatment in the scrambled siRNA vs TRL9 siRNA.