Table 1.

Factors that affects mast cell development

Cytokine	Receptor	Effects on mouse MCs	Effects on human MCs
SCF	Kit	Directly stimulates proliferation of committed progenitors Induces granulation and connective tissue proteases [20, 21]	Directly stimulates proliferation of committed progenitors Induces granulation and connective tissue proteases [22]
IL-3	IL-3R	Directly stimulates proliferation of uncommitted progenitors Directly promotes granule assembly [23, 24]	Directly stimulates proliferation of uncommitted progenitors No promotion of granule assembly [18, 27, 28]
IL-4	IL-4R	Cofactor for proliferation. Promotes connective tissue phenotype. [29]	Depends on the MC subtype or cytokine milieu [30-33, 135]
IL-5	IL-5R	Not clearly characterized	Cofactor for proliferation [19, 37]
IL-6	IL-6R	Induces MC development in combination with TNF-α [43, 44]	Cofactor for proliferation or inhibition [19, 27, 33, 37, 45]
IL-9	IL-9R	Cofactor for proliferation May induce mucosal proteases [35]	Cofactor for proliferation [37, 38]
IL-10	IL-10R	Cofactor for proliferation May induce mucosal proteases [36, 44]	Not clearly characterized
IFN-γ	INF-γR	Inhibits proliferation [39]	Inhibits proliferation [37, 40]
NGF	NGFR	Cofactor for proliferation Promotes connective tissue phenotype of granule [46]	Inhibit apoptosis in the presence of SCF [45, 47]
TGF-β	TGF-βR	Inhibits proliferation [48]	Inhibits proliferation [44]
GM-CSF	GM-CSFR	Inhibits proliferation [25]	Inhibits proliferation [26]
TPO	TPOR	Not done	Induces MC development [22]