Table 1.
Patient Characteristics (n=397)*
| Characteristic | White (n=219) | Black (n=178) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic data | |||
| Age, mean years (SD) | 53.4 (±11.9) | 53.4 (±13.3) | .96 |
| Married | 91 (41.6%) | 42 (23.6%) | <.001 |
| Sex | |||
| Male (n=123) | 84 (38.4%) | 39 (21.9%) | |
| Female (n=274) | 135 (61.6%) | 139 (78.1%) | <.001 |
| Educational level, mean years (±SD) | 12.3 (±3.4) | 11.6 (±2.6) | .03 |
| No insurance (%) | 16 | 34 | <.001 |
| Income under $20,000 (n=344) (%) | 58 | 59 | .78 |
| Clinical data | |||
| BMI, mean (SD)† | 32.6 (±7.9) | 32.3 (±9.2) | .69 |
| Top five major comorbidities‡ | Patients having disorder (%) | ||
| Arthritis (n=273) | 70.3 | 66.9 | .46 |
| Hypertension (n=208) | 48.9 | 56.7 | .12 |
| Depression (n=157) | 45.6 | 32.0 | .006 |
| Emphysema (n=101) | 28.8 | 21.4 | .09 |
| Diabetes (n=86) | 20.1 | 23.6 | .40 |
| Resident physician as primary care provider | 79.3 | 71.4 | .08 |
| Pain data | |||
| Median duration of pain in months (IQR) | 60 (26 to 120) | 39 (13 to 96) | .002 |
| Mean pain score (0 to 10) | 5.6 (5.3 to 5.9) | 6.7 (6.4 to 7.0) | <.001 |
| Working 0 hours per wk (%) | 64.8 | 72.5 | .27 |
| Receive a disability check (%) | 35.6 | 34.1 | .76 |
*
Sixty-six out of 463 (14%) patients identifying themselves as Cuban (14), Mexican (6), Other Hispanic (25), American Indian (6), Multi-Race individuals (5), Other (2), and No Race (8) were excluded from the analysis between White and Black patients
†
Body mass index (BMI) calculated from patient's self-estimated height and weight
‡
Self-reported comorbidities included diabetes, hypertension, CAD, depression, emphysema, heart failure, thyroid disease, HIV/AIDS, liver disease, arthritis, kidney disease, stomach ulcers, paralysis from stroke, poor circulation
IQR, interquartile range; CAD, coronary artery disease