Table 1.

Frequency of K-ras Mutations in PanIN Lesions in the Pancreas of Patients with PDAC (Upper Panel) or CP, or in Normal Disease-Free Pancreas (Lower Panel).

Study	Reference	Patients**	Lesions	Method	K-ras+/Total Foci	K-ras+ (%)
Lemoine et al. (1992)	[7]	PDAC	PanIN-1b	PCR	0/9	0
		PDAC	PanIN-3	PCR	5/6	83
Motojima et al. (1993)	[54]	PDAC	PanIN-3	PCR	2/2	100
Tabata et al. (1993)	[55]	PDAC	PanIN-1a	PCR	0/10	0
		PDAC	PanIN-2	PCR	5/6	83
Moskaluk et al. (1997)	[8]	PDAC	PanIN-3	PCR	16/17	94
		PDAC	PanIN-1a	PCR	2/7	29
Sugio et al. (1997)	[56]	PDAC	PanIN-3	PCR	17/18	94
		PDAC	PanIN-2	PCR	19/23	83
		PDAC	PanIN-1a	PCR	5/21	24
Z'graggen et al. (1997)	[57]	PDAC	PanIN-1a	PCR	3/11	27
Matsubayashi et al. (1999)	[58]	PDAC	PanIN-1a	Me-PCR	115/266	43
Terhune et al. (1998)	[59]	PDAC	PanIN-1b	Me-PCR	27/44	61
		PDAC	PanIN-3	Me-PCR	7/9	78
Lüttges et al. (1999)	[9]	PDAC	PanIN-1a	PCR	33/123	27
		PDAC	PanIN-1b	PCR	46/112	41
Mulligan et al. (1999)	[60]	PDAC	PanIN-3	Me-PCR	3/4	75
Lemoine et al. (1992)	[7]	CP	PanIN-1b	PCR	0/5	0
Tabata et al. (1993)	[55]	CP	PanIN-2	PCR	0/5	0
		CP	PanIN-1a	PCR	0/5	0
Yanagisawa et al. (1993)	[23]	CP	PanIN-2	PCR	1/4	25
		CP	PanIN-1a	PCR	3/3	60
		CP	PanIN-1b	PCR	6/7	86
Song et al. (1996)	[61]	CP	PanIN-1b	PCR	2/12	17
Rivera et al. (1997)	[62]	CP	PanIN-1a	PCR	2/11	18
Mulligan et al. (1999)	[60]	CP	PanIN-2	Me-PCR	2/15	13
		CP	PanIN-1a	Me-PCR	1/17	6
Lüttges et al. (2000)	[12]	CP	PanIN-2	PCR	0/26	0
		CP	PanIN-1a	PCR	15/140	11
		CP	PanIN-1b	PCR	4/97	4
Song et al. (1996)	[61]	Normal	PanIN-1a	PCR	1/3	33
Tada et al. (1996)	[26]	Normal	PanIN-1a	PCR	19/79	24
Matsubayashi et al. (1999)	[58]	Normal	PanIN-1a	Me-PCR	9/51	18
Terhune et al. (1998)	[59]	Normal	PanIN-1b	Me-PCR	8/17	47
Lüttges et al. (1999)	[9]	Normal	PanIN-1a	PCR	10/153	7
		Normal	PanIN-1b	PCR	6/173	3
Agoff et al. (2001)	[63]	Normal	PanIN-1a	PCR	0/8	0

In some studies, PanINs derived from both PDAC or CP were included but separately analyzed. Therefore, these studies appear twice.

^*From patients with PDAC, CP, or without pancreas pathology (normal).