Table 2.

Perception and Experience of Racial/Ethnic Bias by Minority Status^*

	Reported Percent	Adjusted OR†	95% CI
Respondents who perceived racial/ethnic bias in the academic environment‡
URM	63	5.4	3.8 to 7.8
NURM	50	2.6	1.8 to 3.7
Majority	29	1.0	–
Respondents who personally experienced racial/ethnic bias in professional advancement§
URM	54	12.8	8.7 to 18.7
NURM	36	6.9	4.5 to 10.5
Majority	8	1.0	–
Respondents who personally experienced racial/ethnic discrimination by a superior or colleague||
URM	48	12.3	8.4 to 18.2
NURM	26	5.0	3.2 to 7.8
Majority	7	1.0	–

^*Underrepresented minorities (URM): n = 185; nonunderrepresented minorities (NURM): n = 141; majority: n = 1,507.

^†Adjusted for medical school, specialty, gender, and years since first faculty appointment. All P values <.01.

^‡Five-point Likert scale with 1 = no, never; 5 = yes, frequently, and 3 to 5 scored as positive. If only 4 or 5 was scored as positive, “Reported Percent” were 41% for URM, 29% for NURM, and 14% for majority.

^§Five-point Likert scale with 1 = no, 2 = not to my knowledge, 3 = possibly, 4 = probably, 5 = yes, and 3 to 5 scored as positive. If only 4 or 5 was scored as positive, “Reported Percent” were 33% for URM, 19% for NURM, and 4% for majority.

^||1 = no, 2 = yes.

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.