Table 3.
Comparison of Pre- and Postintervention Responses to the Learning Outcomes Questionnaire
| Agreement* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | Pretest | Posttest | P Value† | Effect Size |
| 1. Part of a physician's duty is to help patients change their unhealthy and risky behaviors. | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | .004 | 0.50 |
| 2. Physicians can help many patients change their unhealthy and risky behaviors. | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | .006 | 0.45 |
| 3. Physicians should expect their patients to have relapses after changing their behaviors. | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | .000 | 0.87 |
| 4. Physicians who have provided complete information on treatments have fulfilled their obligation, even if patients don’t follow the advice. | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | .367 | — |
| Patients frequently do not change unhealthy or risky behaviors, despite advice and information provided by concerned physicians, because… | ||||
| 5. they don’t care about their health. | 3.2 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 1.4 | .000 | 1.6 |
| 6. they lack self-discipline. | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.7 | .000 | 0.67 |
| 7. they are focused on other priorities. | 2.6 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | .303 | — |
| 8. they lack sufficient information about health effects and/or risks. | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 4.0 ± 1.7 | .125 | — |
| 9. they lack intelligence. | 5.7 ± 1.4 | 6.0 ± 1.3 | .287 | — |
| 10. they don’t try hard enough. | 5.5 ± 1.5 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | .031 | 0.39 |
| 11. they don’t believe they can change. | 2.7 ± 1.4 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | .020 | 0.32 |
| 12. their physicians lack skills in promoting behavior change. | 3.6 ± 1.3 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | .016 | 0.37 |
| 13. I feel knowledgeable about Prochaska and DiClemente's stages of readiness for change. | 6.3 ± 1.4 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | .000 | 2.8 |
| 14. I feel that I am able to conduct an interview to assess a patient's readiness to change unhealthy or risky behavior, using the Prochaska and DiClemente model. | 6.3 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | .000 | 3.6 |
| 15. I feel I know which motivational interviewing techniques should be applied at particular stages of readiness to change. | 2.6 ± 2.1 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | .006 | 0.49 |
| 16. I feel able to use motivational interviewing techniques in helping actual patients change their unhealthy and risky behaviors. | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | .001 | 0.57 |
| Number of Responses Judged Adherent to the TIBS Model | P Value† | Effect Size | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17. Case of patient in precontemplation. | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | < .0001 | 1.6 |
| 18. Case of patient in determination. | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | < .0001 | 1.1 |
*
For items 1 to 16, 1 = strongly agree; 4 = neutral or uncertain; 7 = strongly disagree.
†
P values from paired t tests comparing pretest and posttest responses for 69 students. TIBS, Tobacco Intervention Basic Skills curriculum.