Table 2.
Baseline Scores for Health-related Quality of Life, Depressive Symptoms, Trait Anxiety, and Self-efficacy, Compared to U.S. Community Samples
| Participants, n (± SD) | U.S. Samples, n (± SD) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health-related quality of life* | |||
| Mental health | 57.3 (21) | 74.7 (18) | <.0001 |
| Role emotional | 56.5 (44) | 81.3 (33) | <.0001 |
| Physical function | 81.8 (19) | 84.2 (23) | NS |
| Role physical | 72.7 (36) | 81.0 (34) | .0015 |
| Social | 66.9 (28) | 83.3 (23) | <.0001 |
| Vitality | 47.8 (21) | 60.9 (21) | <.0001 |
| Body pain | 62.2 (24) | 75.2 (24) | <.0001 |
| General health | 64.9 (20) | 72.0 (20) | <.0001 |
| Depressive symptoms (CESD)† | 17.4 (12) | 9.3 (9) | <.0001 |
| Trait anxiety (STAI)‡ | 44.8 (12) | 35.0 (9) | <.0001 |
| Self-efficacy (GSES)§ | 30.3 (5) | 29.5 (5) | .0270 |
*
Measured by the SF-36 (8 domains, range 0 to 100 for each domain; higher scores indicate better status).
†
Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD; range 0 to 60; higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms).
‡
Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; range 20 to 80; higher scores indicate more anxiety).
§
Generalized Self-efficacy Scale (GSES; range 10 to 40; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy).
SD, standard deviation.