Table 1.

Validation Studies: Educational Setting, Teachers, and Evaluators

Author	Instrument	Setting	Teachers (N)	Evaluators (N)	Evaluators (Category)
Beckman, 2003	MTEF	I	10	3	P
Benbassat, 1981	—	—	—	83	S
Cohen, 1996	TES	I, O	43	—	S
Copeland, 2000	CTEI	I, O	711	—	S, R, F
Donnelly, 1989	—	I	90	100	S
Donner, 2003	—	—	—	80	R
Guyatt, 1993	—	I	41	—	R
Hayward, 1995	—	O	15	—	R
Irby, 1981	CTAF	—	230	320	S
James, 1999	MedIQ	—	—	131	S
Litzelman, 1998	SFDP	I	178	374	S
Litzelman, 1999	SFDP	I, O	38	36	R
Macgill, 1986	—	O	19	24	R
McLeod, 1993	CTEQ	I, O	37(S), 15(R)	—	S, R
Ramsbottom, 1994	CTAF	I, O	29	—	R
Risucci, 1992	—	—	62	23	R
Shellenberger,1982	PEQ	—	—	197	S
Solomon, 1997	—	I, O	147	—	S
Steiner, 2000	ERS	ED	29	18	R
Tortolani, 1991	—	—	62	23	R
Williams, 2002	GRS	I, O	96	98	R

MTEF, Mayo Teaching Evaluation Form; TES, Teaching Effectiveness Scores; CTEI, Clinical Teaching Effectiveness Instrument; MedIQ, Medical Instructional Quality; CTAF, Clinical Teaching Assessment Form; PEQ, Preceptor Evaluation Questionnaire; SFDP, Stanford Faculty Development Program; CTEQ, Clinical Tutor Evaluation Questionnaire; ERS, Emergency Rotation Scale; GRS, Global Rating Scale; I, inpatient; O, outpatient; ED, emergency department; P, peer; S, student; R, resident; F, fellow; —, information unavailable.