Table 1.
Differences Among Intervention Centers—Continuously Enrolled Members 65 or Older at the Start of the Study Who Had at Least One Health Maintenance Visit
| Downtown | Suburban 1 | Suburban 2 | Suburban 3 | Suburban 4 | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Center characteristics | ||||||
| Number of studied enrollees | 36 | 62 | 176 | 386 | 182 | — |
| Female, % | 58 | 55 | 54 | 42 | 52 | .013 |
| Mean age, y | 70 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 70 | .09 |
| >2 chronic EDC, % | 31 | 13 | 21 | 13 | 20 | .01 |
| One or more ER visit, % | 17 | 15 | 20 | 8 | 23 | <.001 |
| One or more hospitalization, % | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | .35 |
| Community served* | ||||||
| African American, % | 62 | 5 | 3 | 6.0 | 73 | — |
| Median household income, $ | 16,148 | 61,452 | 65,311 | 53,534 | 44,359 | — |
| Advance directive results | ||||||
| Number with AD prior to study (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (7) | 3 (1) | 8 (4) | <.001 |
| Number of ADs added during study (% of eligible) | 2 (6) | 10 (16) | 21 (12) | 22 (6) | 11 (6) | .009 |
| Number of ADs at end of study period (% of eligible) | 2 (6) | 10 (16) | 33 (20) | 25 (7) | 19 (10) | <.001 |
*
2000 U.S. Census data for zip code tabulation areas (ZCTA) where clinic is located.
AD, advance directive; EDC, expanded diagnostic clusters; ER, emergency room.