Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Explanatory Variables Measured at the Facility Level (N = 141)
| Explanatory Variables | Mean or Percent | Standard Deviation | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient population | |||
| White, % | 82 | 17 | 4 to 100 |
| Black, % | 14 | 15 | 0 to 64 |
| Hispanic, % | 3 | 9 | 0 to 95 |
| ≥65 years old, % | 56 | 9 | 33 to 81 |
| Male, % | 95 | 2 | 82 to 100 |
| With no education beyond high school, % | 56 | 10 | 27 to 76 |
| Reporting excellent health status, % | 5 | 2 | 1 to 16 |
| Traveling at least 1 hour to get to the VA, % | 37 | 14 | 11 to 78 |
| Clinical emphasis | |||
| Council of Teaching Hospitals members, % | 50 | ||
| With a residency training program. % | 71 | ||
| Number of trainee and resident FTEs, % | 63 | 79 | 0 to 408 |
| Organizational capacity | |||
| Bed size | 335 | 281 | 41 to 1,852 |
| Number of employees | 1,408 | 881 | 305 to 6,136 |
| Nonemergency outpatient visits per year | 268,134 | 161,554 | 45,311 to 1,130,527 |
| Ratio of FTEs to average daily census | 7 | 4 | 2 to 27 |
| Physician FTEs per 1,000 outpatient visits | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 0.6 |
| Nurses who are RNs, % | 77 | 8 | 46 to 100 |
| In a rural setting, % | 16 | ||
| Patient-centered care domains* | |||
| Access to care | 74 | 6 | 58 to 88 |
| Incorporating patient preferences | 71 | 4 | 53 to 81 |
| Patient education | 68 | 5 | 53 to 79 |
| Visit coordination | 84 | 3 | 75 to 91 |
| Overall coordination | 70 | 4 | 59 to 79 |
| Courtesy of care | 93 | 3 | 85 to 98 |
| Continuity of care† | |||
| Patients for whom there is one provider or team in charge of their VA care, % | 90 | 4 | 78 to 98 |
| Visits for routine care, % | 64 | 5 | 48 to 78 |
| Patients who saw their usual provider at the last clinic visit, % | 73 | 6 | 51 to 89 |
| Patients receiving ≥90% of their care from the VA, % | 56 | 9 | 25 to 75 |
| Emotional support† | |||
| Did you discuss any concerns that you had?, % | 80 | 4 | 65 to 91 |
| If you and the provider did not talk about your concerns, was it because of embarrassment, lack of time, or forgetfulness?, % | 63 | 6 | 42 to 79 |
| Did you have confidence and trust in the provider you saw?, % | 71 | 5 | 55 to 84 |
| Did you have trouble understanding the provider because of a language problem?, % | 12 | 9 | 0 to 43 |
*
See Appendix available online at http://www.jgim.org for listing of items within each domain.
†
Items within these domains were analyzed separately based on factor analysis results.
FTE, full-time employee.