Table 3.
Relationship of Major Depression to Risk Factors for Patients Without CVD (N = 3,010)
| Risk Factor | N* | Major Depression % (N)† | No Major Depression % (N)† | χ2 Df = 1 | Adjusted‡ Odds Ratio for Major Depression | Wald's Adjusted χ2 Df = 1 | 95% CI for Odds Ratios |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Currently smoking | 2,967 | 20.1 (63) | 8.2 (218) | 45.96 (P < .001) | 2.22 | 21.15 (P < .001) | 1.58 to 3.11 |
| BMI ≥ 30.0 | 2,969 | 69.0 (216) | 48.4 (1,285) | 47.67 (P < .001) | 1.69 | 13.48 (P < .001) | 1.28 to 2.23 |
| Lower exercise level <3 days per week average | 3,010 | 63.8 (204) | 48.2 (1,296) | 27.74 (P < .001) | 1.72 | 17.56 (P < .001) | 1.34 to 2.22 |
| Hypertension | 3,010 | 34.1 (109) | 35.8 (963) | 0.38 (P = .54) | 1.10 | 0.48 (P = .49) | 0.84 to 1.43 |
| High LDL level 130+ | 2,017 | 38.8 (87) | 33.0 (592) | 3.02 (P = .08) | 1.19 | 1.27 (P = .26) | 0.88 to 1.62 |
| High triglyceride level 400+ | 2,022 | 11.5 (26) | 8.4 (150) | 2.51 (P = .11) | 1.08 | 0.09 (P = .76) | 0.67 to 1.74 |
| Microalbuminuria | 3,010 | 24.4 (78) | 17.8 (479) | 8.18 (P = .004) | 1.29 | 2.79 (P = .09) | 0.96 to 1.73 |
| HbA1c > 8.0 | 3,101 | 48.4 (155) | 33.0 (888) | 30.05 (P < .001) | 1.71 | 17.27 (P < .001) | 1.33 to 2.20 |
*
Number of subjects with either written questionnaire or automated data for each risk factor.
†
Number of depressed and not depressed for each risk factor.
‡
Adjusted for gender, age, marital status, education, racial ethnicity, clinic, type 1 diabetes, and duration of diabetes in years.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; df, degrees of freedom; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; LDL, low-density lipids.