Table 3.

Unadjusted Association of Variables with Patient-Physician Discordance on HAART Adherence

	OR (95% CI)
Patient-related variables
Female gender	0.92 (0.55 to 1.53)
Age < 35 years	1.24 (0.78 to 1.97)
Injection drug use as HIV transmission mode	1.05 (0.65 to 1.69)
Education ≤ 8 years	2.03 (1.25 to 3.29)
Unemployment	2.01 (1.16 to 3.48)
Homelessness	3.19 (0.74 to 13.64)
Self-reported alcohol use	1.33 (0.68 to 2.59)
Self-reported intravenous drug use	1.14 (0.48 to 2.70)
Previous AIDS-related event	1.76 (1.01 to 3.07)
Poor mental health score (>1st quartile)	1.17 (0.47 to 2.92)
Perception of therapeutic efficacy of antiretrovirals	1.10 (0.69 to 1.76)
Dissatisfaction with care (<median score)	0.76 (0.46 to 1.23)
Perceived social support	0.86 (0.52 to 1.43)
Treatment-related variables
No prior changes in ART regimen	0.85 (0.53 to 1.36)
Time on current HAART < 1 year	0.57 (0.30 to 1.08)
To run out of pills between clinic visits	1.27 (0.75 to 2.15)
To take complementary medicine	0.83 (0.37 to 1.90)
Clinic center-related variables
To always be seen by the same physician	1.28 (0.80 to 2.03)
Absence of afternoon clinic hours	1.76 (1.07 to 2.91)
Absence of a psychologist	1.90 (1.01 to 3.59)
Absence of a social workers	2.05 (1.25 to 3.36)
Number of outpatients being seen > 500	1.02 (0.63 to 1.64)
Location in northern Italy	0.66 (0.38 to 1.15)
Academic medical center	0.61 (0.38 to 0.98)

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ART, antiretrovirals; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy.