Table 3.

Effect of the Intervention on Physicians' Concern for Cost, by Patients' Insurance Status (n = 109)

	Agree, %*		Mean response†
“The cost of medications is more of a concern to me when my patient's insurance is ____.”	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	P Value‡
Medicare	58	72	3.6	4.0	<.01
Self-pay	90	98	4.6	4.8	<.01
Medicaid	38	28	2.9	2.5	<.01
HMO	28	32	2.8	2.7	.47

^*Refers to those responding with “Somewhat agree” or “Strongly agree.”

^†Mean response reflects answers on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree).

^‡These P values are based on our primary statistical method of assessing intervention effectiveness, the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. We compared the matched changes (pre- versus post-intervention) to the null hypothesis of no change.