Table 2.
Performance Characteristics of 21 Health-related Quality-of-Life Instruments and Symptom Scores for Patients with Sinusitis* (references)
| Validity | Reliability | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instrument | Content | Criterion | Construct | Cronbach's α | Test-retest | Responsiveness to Change | Interpretability |
| Rhinosinusitis Outcome Measure-31 | Expert and patient assessment21 | Not assessed | Convergent: Total score r > .4 for 4 of 8 SF-36 subscales21 | 0.9521 | Scores stable at 13 weeks by paired t test21 | Decrease in 5 of 7 subscales at 12 weeks of mostly medical treatment21 | Percent change in score associated with global response21 |
| Discriminant: Patients with rhinologic conditions have different total scores compared to controls21 | SRM†: at least 0.40 after nasal irrigation or reflexology massage24 | ||||||
| Chronic Sinusitis Survey – Duration-Based (CSS-D) | Review of literature, authors' experience32 | No correlation with CT‡ scores38 | Convergent: correlates with 3 of 8 SF-36 subscales32; CSS-D and SF-36 scores improved with surgery37 | 0.7332 | r = .86 at 14-60 days32 | Effect size: 1.12 after surgery25 | Not assessed |
| SRM: at least 0.33 to 0.82 after medical or surgical treatments25,26,36,37 | |||||||
| Chronic Sinusitis Survey – Severity-Based | Same as CSS-D32 | Not assessed | Convergent: no correlation with any SF-36 subscale32 | 0.632 | r = .57 at 14 to 60 days32 | SRM: at least 0.71 assessed retrospectively about 3 years after surgery22 | Not assessed |
| Sinonasal Outcomes Test-16 | Derived from Sinonasal Outcomes Test-20 | Not assessed | Convergent: r > .5 for 5 of 8 SF-36 subscales; r = .42 with overall bother at baseline23 | 0.8923 | Not assessed | SRM: 0.69 at 6 wks with a combination of medical and surgical treatment (51% follow-up)23 | Scores correlate with overall bother: at baseline r = .42; at 6 wks r = .85; and at 12 wks r = .6923 |
| Discriminant: scores for cases and controls differ23 | |||||||
| Short Form-36 (SF-36) | Not assessed | No subscale differences by CT stage33 | Convergent: 3 of 8 subscales correlate with CSS-D25,32; 7 of 8 subscales correlate with SNOT-1623 | Not assessed | Not assessed | Effect size: varies from 0.01 to 0.52 for each of 8 subscales after surgery25 | Not assessed |
| Discriminant: sinusitis patient scores differ from normative values for 6 of 8 subscales33,39 | SRM: varies from 0.01 to 0.43 after surgery25; at least 0.22 to 0.31 after surgery for all subscales39 | ||||||
| EuroQOL | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Non-significant score change with G-CSF treatment27 | Not assessed |
| McGill Pain Questionnaire | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Non-significant score change with G-CSF treatment27 | Not assessed |
| Short Form-12 | Not assessed | Not assessed | Discriminant: chronic sinusitis PCS and MCS scores,§ acute sinusitis PCS scores appear lower than normative values28 | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| Rhinosinusitis Disability Index | Authors' experience29 | No significant association with CT score35 | Discriminant: patients with sinus disease have different scores for all items compared to controls29 | 0.9529 | r = .60 to .92 for each of 3 domains | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| Quality of Well-Being Scale | Not assessed | Not assessed | Convervent: Scores improved with nasal irrigation43 | Not assessed | Not assessed | SRM: at least 0.33 with nasal irrigation43 | Not assessed |
| Discriminant: change scores different between surgery patients and controls30 | |||||||
| Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Instrument | Not assessed | Not assessed | Convergent: scores changed in similar direction as symptom visual analog scales31 | Not assessed | Not assessed | Significant decrease in scores with nasal nebulizer treatment31 | Not assessed |
| Sinonasal Outcomes Test-20| (SNOT-20) | Derived from Rhinosinusitis Outcome Measure-3134 | No correlation with CT score38,50 | Convergent: SNOT-20 scores improved with SF-12 PCS and MCS and global symptom rating41 | Not assessed | Not assessed | SRM: 0.37 at 2 months after surgery.42 38% (95% CI, 28% to 49%) improvement in score with surgery34 | Not assessed |
| HRQL Instrument of Adelglass et al. | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| Nasal Disease-Specific Severity Measure of Tomooka et al. | Not assessed | Not assessed | Discriminant: 16 of 19 question scores improved with nasal irrigation; 4 of 19 improved in controls43 | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| Nasal Disease-Specific Duration Measure of Tomooka et al. | Not assessed | Not assessed | Discriminant validity: 3 of 3 question scores improved with nasal irrigation; 1 of 3 improved in controls43 | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| HRQL Instrument of Hoffman et al. | Not assessed | Not assessed | Convergent: 88% of patients perceived some benefit from surgery44 | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| HRQL Instrument of Rakkar et al. | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| HRQL Instrument of Rosen et al. | Not assessed | No association with CT scores46 | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| Modified Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Instrument | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| Modified McGill Pain Questionnaire | Not assessed | No correlation with CT scores48 | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
| International Conference of Sinus Disease Symptom Score | Not assessed | Not assessed | Discriminant: scores different between sinusitis patients and controls49 | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed | Not assessed |
*
Ordering of instruments follows ordering of Table 1.
†
SRM, standardized response mean. Responsiveness to change statistics modified with the term “at least” were calculated from P values provided in the original articles. The actual effect size or standardized response mean may be higher, but upper limits are not calculable.
‡
CT, computed tomography.
§
PCS and MCS are the Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary of the Short Form-12.
|
Gosepath et al. used the first 16 items of the Sinonasal Outcomes Test-16.
G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.