Table 2.
Logistic Regression Results: Probability of Missed Depression Diagnosis in Medical Chart Among HCSUS Participants with Depression Based on the Mental Health Supplement
| N = 448 | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) Adding Number of Outpatient Visits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| Female | 0.92 (0.67 to 1.26) | 0.49 (0.22 to 1.09) | 0.45 (0.20 to 1.03) |
| Age, y | |||
| 18–25 (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| 26–40 | 2.32 (1.10 to 4.88)* | 1.32 (0.56 to 3.11) | 1.15 (0.46 to 2.86) |
| 41–49 | 2.42 (1.28 to 4.57)† | 1.16 (0.49 to 2.76) | 0.96 (0.39 to 2.34) |
| ≥50 | 3.89 (1.13 to 13.4)* | 1.76 (0.63 to 4.93) | 1.39 (0.44 to 4.39) |
| Race | |||
| White (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| African American | 1.41 (0.91 to 2.21) | 1.41 (0.77 to 2.57) | 1.51 (0.73 to 3.12) |
| Latino | 0.81 (0.49 to 1.33) | 0.72 (0.34 to 1.53) | 0.71 (0.32 to 1.56) |
| Other | 1.45 (0.81 to 2.62) | 1.55 (0.48 to 4.97) | 1.48 (0.58 to 3.82) |
| Education | |||
| College or greater (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| Some college | 1.26 (0.65 to 2.42) | 1.44 (0.70 to 2.97) | 1.45 (0.70 to 2.99) |
| High school | 1.57 (0.87 to 2.83) | 2.03 (0.99 to 4.18) | 2.14 (0.98 to 4.64) |
| Less than high school | 1.91 (1.01 to 3.66)* | 2.68 (1.22 to 5.88)* | 2.50 (1.19 to 5.25)* |
| HIV exposure | |||
| Men – sex with men (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| Injection drug use | 1.20 (0.88 to 1.62) | 1.41 (0.74 to 2.69) | 1.59 (0.76 to 3.31) |
| Heterosexual | 1.56 (0.96 to 2.53) | 1.95 (0.73 to 5.18) | 2.15 (0.79 to 5.83) |
| Transfusion/other | 0.95 (0.34 to 2.67) | 0.87 (0.27 to 2.82) | 0.94 (0.28 to 3.19) |
| Income, $ | |||
| >40,000 (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| 10–40,000 | 0.76 (0.44 to 1.29) | 0.75 (0.38 to 1.47) | 0.73 (0.37 to 1.44) |
| 0–10,000 | 0.75 (0.45 to 1.27) | 0.63 (0.32 to 1.23) | 0.51 (0.26 to 1.01) |
| Health insurance | |||
| Private/non-HMO (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| None | 0.82 (0.46 to 1.46) | 0.91 (0.41 to 2.03) | 0.95 (0.39 to 2.29) |
| Medicare | 0.51 (0.26 to 1.02) | 0.34 (0.17 to 0.70)† | 0.33 (0.15 to 0.75)† |
| Medicaid | 0.94 (0.56 to 1.58) | 0.85 (0.42 to 1.74) | 0.95 (0.41 to 2.23) |
| Private-HMO | 1.16 (0.44 to 3.04) | 1.12 (0.57 to 2.19) | 0.96 (0.45 to 2.04) |
| Region in U.S. | |||
| Northeast (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| Midwest | 1.85 (1.09 to 3.14)* | 1.54 (0.48 to 4.92) | 1.62 (0.48 to 5.45) |
| South | 1.55 (1.04 to 2.30)* | 0.74 (0.31 to 1.78) | 0.72 (0.29 to 1.77) |
| West | 0.99 (0.62 to 1.59) | 0.62 (0.28 to 1.39) | 0.75 (0.34 to 1.66) |
| CD4 cell count | |||
| ≥500/mm3 (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| 200–500/mm3 | 0.94 (0.49 to 1.81) | 1.11 (0.48 to 2.58) | 1.14 (0.46 to 2.80) |
| 50–199/mm3 | 0.90 (0.43 to 1.91) | 1.44 (0.64 to 3.24) | 1.34 (0.56 to 3.22) |
| <50/mm3 | 1.04 (0.52 to 2.07) | 1.12 (0.44 to 2.87) | 1.20 (0.42 to 3.40) |
| AIDS diagnoses, n | |||
| 0 (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| 1 | 0.68 (0.41 to 1.13) | 0.65 (0.38 to 1.14) | 0.63 (0.36 to 1.10) |
| 2 | 0.71 (0.39 to 1.29) | 0.74 (0.40 to 1.38) | 0.90 (0.46 to 1.78) |
| 3 | 0.63 (0.28 to 1.41) | 0.65 (0.27 to 1.55) | 0.67 (0.23 to 1.93) |
| ≥4 | 0.49 (0.24 to 0.97)* | 0.54 (0.25 to 1.17) | 0.57 (0.25 to 1.27) |
| Provider HIV patients, n | |||
| ≥500 (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| 100–499 | 1.23 (0.89 to 1.72) | 1.19 (0.74 to 1.92) | 1.28 (0.74 to 2.22) |
| <100 | 0.85 (0.47 to 1.54) | 0.63 (0.29 to 1.38) | 0.64 (0.27 to 1.50) |
| Outpatient visits, n | |||
| 0–2 (reference) | 1.00 — | 1.00 — | 1.00 — |
| 3–5 | 0.37 (0.17 to 0.80)* | — | 0.29 (0.13 to 0.68)† |
| 6–8 | 0.56 (0.34 to 0.93)* | — | 0.53 (0.30 to 0.93)* |
| ≥9 | 0.19 (0.10 to 0.37)‡ | — | 0.17 (0.08 to 0.34)‡ |
*
P < .05.
†
P < .01.
‡
P < .001.
HCSUS, HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study.