Table 3.

Primary Care Physicians Reporting Never, Rarely, or Sometimes Obtaining Needed Mental Health Services

	Outpatient Mental Health Services (N = 6,319)			Inpatient Mental Health Services (N = 5,933)
	Lower 95% CI	Odds Ratio	Upper 95% CI	Lower 95% CI	Odds Ratio	Upper 95% CI
Physician characteristic/specialty
Male	0.59	0.67*	0.77	0.64	0.75*	0.88
Minority	0.59	0.69*	0.80	0.63	0.73*	0.84
Family/general practice	0.94	1.11	1.30	1.17	1.38*	1.63
Pediatrics	1.25	1.51*	1.83	1.85	2.17*	2.56
10–19 years in practice	0.96	1.08	1.22	0.96	1.10	1.26
≥20 years in practice	0.64	0.74*	0.86	0.64	0.76*	0.91
Patient insurance
≥10 hours of charity care per month	0.91	1.07	1.27	0.83	1.00	1.20
≥25% revenue from Medicaid	0.99	1.13	1.29	0.82	0.93	1.06
≥50% revenue from Medicare	0.87	1.03	1.21	0.83	0.97	1.13
Size and type of setting
Practice with ≥10 physicians	0.69	0.81*	0.94	0.74	0.87	1.02
Staff- or group-model HMO	0.35	0.44*	0.56	0.36	0.45*	0.56
Medical school or hospital-based practice	0.85	1.00	1.17	0.71	0.85	1.01
Other type of practice	0.71	0.90	1.13	0.80	1.00	1.24
Practice environment
Inadequate time	2.12	2.60*	3.20	1.89	2.32*	2.83
Gatekeeping for 10%–69% of caseload	1.24	1.54*	1.91	1.07	1.32*	1.63
Gatekeeping for ≥70% of caseload	1.04	1.34†	1.74	0.95	1.24	1.62
Market-level attributes
Psychiatrists per 100,000 population, county
5–14	0.57	0.75†	0.99	0.48	0.62*	0.79
15–29	0.59	0.78	1.03	0.53	0.69*	0.90
≥30	0.49	0.66*	0.89	0.38	0.54*	0.77
Hospital beds per 10,000 population
40–49	0.65	0.85	1.11	0.79	1.10	1.53
≥50	0.78	0.96	1.19	0.71	0.89	1.11
Market penetration
35%– 44%	0.61	0.96	1.50	0.75	1.10	1.63
≥45%	0.64	1.00	1.56	0.73	1.06	1.56

^*P < .01.

^†P < .05.