Table 4.
Health Outcomes Regressed on Sociodemographic Variables, Physical Functioning, Multiple Dimensions of Religious Involvement, and Church Social Support (N = 385)*
| Depressive Symptoms | Self-reported General Health | Asthma/Arthritis | Diabetes/Hypertension | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model I | Model II | Model I | Model II | Model I | Model II | Model I | Model II | |||||||||
| Independent Variables | b (SE) | Bsig | b (SE) | Bsig | b (SE) | Bsig | b (SE) | Bsig | b (SE) | Bsig | b (SE) | Bsig | b (SE) | Bsig | b (SE) | Bsig |
| Education† | ||||||||||||||||
| Age‡ (25–34) | 0.047 (0.059) | 0.052 | 0.028 (0.058) | 0.031 | −0.115 (0.153) | −0.047 | −0.115 (0.152) | −0.047 | 0.035 (0.072) | 0.032 | 0.032 (0.073) | 0.029 | 0.165 (0.063) | 0.154‖ | 0.165 (0.064) | 0.153‖ |
| Age (35–44) | 0.078 (0.060) | 0.088 | 0.050 (0.059) | 0.057 | −0.363 (0.155) | −0.154‖ | −0.363 (0.155) | −0.154‖ | 0.141 (0.074) | 0.133 | 0.129 (0.074) | 0.121 | 0.233 (0.064) | 0.224# | 0.229 (0.065) | 0.220# |
| Age (45–64) | 0.045 (0.071) | 0.004 | −0.017 (0.069) | −0.017 | −0.632 (0.184) | −0.234‖ | −0.619 (0.183) | −0.229‖ | 0.259 (0.087) | 0.213‖ | 0.252 (0.087) | 0.207¶ | 0.620 (0.076) | 0.521# | 0.617 (0.077) | 0.519# |
| Age (65 and older) | −0.179 (0.084) | −0.152‖ | −0.221 (0.082) | −0.189¶ | −0.710 (0.218) | −0.223‖ | −0.659 (0.218) | −0.208¶ | 0.409 (0.103) | 0.286# | 0.390 (0.104) | 0.273# | 0.637 (0.09) | 0.456# | 0.629 (0.091) | 0.451# |
| Income | −0.015 (0.009) | −0.098 | −0.012 (0.009) | −0.084 | 0.054 (0.023) | 0.134‖ | 0.054 (0.023) | 0.135‖ | −0.00009 (0.011) | 0.000 | 0.0004 (0.011) | 0.002 | −0.018 (0.009) | −0.103 | −0.018 (0.009) | −0.102 |
| Never married§ | 0.085 (0.056) | 0.102 | 0.066 (0.055) | 0.080 | −0.107 (0.146) | −0.048 | −0.091 (0.145) | −0.041 | −0.062 (0.069) | −0.006 | −0.014 (0.069) | −0.014 | 0.047 (0.060) | 0.048 | 0.044 (0.061) | 0.045 |
| Living w/partner | 0.132 (0.076) | 0.099 | 0.133 (0.074) | 0.102 | −0.249 (0.197) | −0.070 | −0.248 (0.196) | −0.070 | 0.112 (0.093) | 0.070 | 0.1121 (0.093) | 0.069 | 0.076 (0.081) | 0.049 | 0.076 (0.082) | 0.049 |
| Widowed | 0.070 (0.073) | 0.054 | 0.068 (0.071) | 0.053 | 0.111 (0.190) | 0.032 | 0.118 (0.188) | 0.034 | −0.065 (0.090) | −0.041 | −0.067 (0.090) | −0.043 | 0.095 (0.078) | 0.062 | 0.094 (0.079) | 0.061 |
| Separated/divorced | 0.064 (0.056) | 0.067 | 0.048 (0.055) | 0.050 | −0.267 (0.146) | −0.103 | −0.235 (0.146) | −0.091 | 0.067 (0.069) | 0.057 | 0.056 (0.070) | 0.040 | −0.038 (0.060) | −0.033 | −0.042 (0.061) | −0.037 |
| Physical functioning | −0.042 (0.006) | −0.355# | −0.044 (0.006) | −0.380# | 0.105 (0.017) | 0.332# | 0.106 (0.017) | 0.336# | −0.036 (0.008) | −0.253# | −0.037 (0.008) | −0.257# | −0.021 (0.007) | −0.149¶ | −0.021 (0.007) | −0.150¶ |
| Church attendance | −0.050 (0.020) | −0.131‖ | −0.030 (0.020) | −0.078 | 0.145 (0.052) | 0.141¶ | 0.116 (0.053) | 0.113‖ | −0.015 (0.025) | −0.033 | −0.052 (0.025) | −0.011 | −0.070 (0.021) | −0.155‖ | −0.066 (0.022) | −0.145¶ |
| Prayer | −0.065 (0.028) | −0.122‖ | −0.065 (0.027) | −0.123‖ | −0.035 (0.073) | −0.025 | 0.029 (0.072) | −0.021 | 0.037 (0.034) | 0.058 | 0.036 (0.034) | 0.056 | 0.110 (0.030 | 0.176# | 0.110 (0.030) | 0.175# |
| Faith | 0.090 (0.063) | 0.071 | 0.104 (0.062) | 0.083 | 0.097 (0.165) | 0.028 | 0.050 (0.165) | 0.015 | −0.201 (0.078) | −0.132‖ | −0.190 (0.079) | −0.124‖ | 0.018 (0.068) | 0.012 | 0.024 (0.069) | 0.016 |
| Church social support | −0.059 (0.015) | −0.185# | 0.100 (0.040) | 0.116‖ | −0.031 (0.019) | −0.081 | −0.014 (0.017) | −0.036 | ||||||||
| Total R2 | .211 | .239 | .263 | .272 | .221 | .217 | .376 | .376 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R2 | .244 | .273 | .294 | .305 | .184 | .183 | .349 | .347 | ||||||||
b = unstandardized Beta coefficient; Bsig = standardized Beta coefficient; SE = standard error.
*
This analysis includes only those respondents who were members of a church or other place of worship.
†
Education (using less than high school degree as referent group) not a significant predictor in any of the models.
‡
Age (using age 18–24 as referent group).
§
Marital status (using married as referent group).
‖
P ≤ .05.
¶
P ≤ .01.
#
P ≤ .001.