Characteristics of Reference Articles

Reference	Author	Year	Design	Patients with PSP	Mean Age	Intervention	Death With Treatment	Treatment Failure	Death During Follow-up	Recurrence	Follow-up (Months)
3	Elfeldt RJ	1994	Cohort	96	—	First pleural drainage	0	33	0	23	36
9	Abolnik IZ	1993	Cohort	285	25.3	First pleural drainage	0	—	0	118	24.1
				118	—	Second pleural drainage	0	—	0	50	17.6
10	Ferraro P	1994	Cohort	239	30.5	First pleural drainage	0	—	0	82	18.8
				82	—	Second pleural drainage	0	—	0	53	17.2
14	Waller DA	1994	Cohort	30	28	Open thoracotomy	0	0	0	1	16.3
16	Rieger R	1998	Cohort	57	31.7	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	0	0	4	34
17	Passlick B	1998	Cohort	65	31	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	6	0	4	29
23	Light RW	1990	Cohort*	104	53.8	Pleurodesis	0	—	0	26	34.4
24	Dumont P	1997	Cohort	82	35	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	3	0	3	16
				170	31	Open thoracotomy	0	0	0	1	80
26	Ayed AK	2000	Cohort	72	25	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	0	0	4	42
28	Almind M	1989	Cohort*	72	—	Pleurodesis	0	—	0	14	72
29	Altageme I	1994	Cohort	34	34	First pleural drainage	0	—	0	11	58
				39	39	Pleurodesis	0	—	0	5	45
32	Kaiser D	1993	Case series	66	—	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	3	—	—	—
33	Cole FH	1995	Case series	30	33	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	5	—	—	—
34	Bertrand PC	1996	Cohort	163	29.7	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	5	0	3	24.5
				87	30.7	Open thoracotomy	0	1	0	1	33
35	Kim KH	1996	Cohort	33	28	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	0	0	4	24
36	Freixinet J	1997	Case series	132	26†	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	2	—	—	—
37	Horio H	1998	Cohort	51	34.8†	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	3	0	7	15.3
				44	33.3†	Open thoracotomy	0	0	0	3	39.4
38	Maruyama R	2000	Cohort	115	28†	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	8	0	8	27
39	Ohno K	2000	Cohort	424	28	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	1	0	40	424
40	Inderbitzi RG	1994	Cohort	57	37	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	1	0	6	19.6
41	Naunheim KS	1995	Cohort	121	35.1	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	0	0	5	13.1
42	Yim AP	1997	Cohort	518	—	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	0	0	9	20
43	Andres B	1998	Cohort	44	23.2	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	1	0	1	24
44	Waller DA	1999	Cohort	118	32.1	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	0	0	8	24
45	McCarthy JF	1997	Cohort	38	36.7	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	1	0	0	18
46	Hatz RA	2000	Cohort	95	32.5	Thoracoscopic surgery	0	0	0	4	53.2
47	Nkere UU	1994	Cohort	60	22†	Open thoracotomy	0	0	0	2	36
48	Athanassiadi K	1998	Case series	347	—	Open thoracotomy	0	0	—	—	—
49	Shoenenberger RA	1991	Cohort	72	33.8	First pleural drainage	0	13	0	20	7
50	Chan TB	1985	Cohort	36	28.4	Pleural drainage	0	—	—	—	—
52	Kennedy L	1994	Review*	681	—	Pleurodesis	0	64	—	—	—

^*Data for patients with secondary pneumothorax because data for patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax are not available.

^†Median.

(—), data are not available.