Table 2.

Medicare GME Payment to Hospitals ($ Billions)

	IME Payments	DME Payment
1990	2.91	1.76
1991	3.21	1.89
1992	3.67	2.36
1993	4.09	2.55
1994	4.50	2.61
1995	5.10	2.74
1996	5.55	2.86
1997	5.16	2.43
1998	4.99	2.10

COGME Fifteenth Report. “Financing Graduate Medical Education in a Changing Health Care Environment.” December 2000.

GME, graduate medical education; IME, indirect medical education; DME, direct medical education.