Table 1.
Selected Characteristics of 186 African Americans with Diabetes by Gender
| Characteristic | Female (N = 141) | Male (N = 45) |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristic | ||
| Mean age, y, ±SD | 59 ± 8 | 57 ± 10 |
| Education <12 y, n (%) | 100 (71) | 31 (69) |
| Monthly household income, n (%) | ||
| <$420 | 30 (21) | 7 (16) |
| $420–$624 | 49 (35) | 13 (29) |
| $625–$833 | 24 (17) | 10 (22) |
| $834–$1,249 | 26 (19) | 5 (11) |
| ≥$1,250 | 10 (7) | 9 (20) |
| Persons in poverty, n (%) | 129 (93) | 35 (80) |
| Insurance status, n (%) | ||
| No insurance | 34 (24) | 11 (24) |
| Medicaid | 59 (42) | 19 (42) |
| Private insurance | 48 (34) | 15 (33) |
| Socioeconomic and familial barriers to care, n (%) | ||
| Money problems | 57 (40) | 21 (47) |
| Housing problems | 17 (12) | 5 (11) |
| Street crime | 22 (15) | 5 (11) |
| Family problems | 23 (16) | 4 (9) |
| Caretaker responsibilities | 13 (9) | 9 (20) |
| Clinical variables | ||
| Measured clinical abnormalities, n (%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||
| 30–35 | 46 (32) | 10 (23) |
| >35 | 52 (37) | 8 (18) |
| Elevated HbA1c* | 45 (32) | 19 (42) |
| Elevated blood pressure† | 36 (26) | 9 (20) |
| Impaired renal function‡ | 20 (14) | 5 (11) |
| Abnormal lipids§ | 100 (71) | 33 (73) |
| Uses insulin, n (%) | 74 (52) | 17 (38) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index‖, mean ±SD | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 1.4 |
*
Defined as >9.0%.
†
Defined as systolic ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg.
‡
Defined as ≥1+ proteinuria and/or serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL.
§
Defined as HDL <40 mg/dL and/or LDL >130 mg/dL.
‖
N = 172 (131 women, 41 men).