Table 5.

Non-nutrition Variables That Are Significantly Associated With Complication Risk

Variable	Complication, (N = 37)	No Complication, (N = 549)	P Value
Katz Index of ADL score,* median (IR)	2 (0 to 8)	0 (0 to 2)	<.001
Independent in 1 or more ADLs,†n (%)	22 (59.5)	459 (84)	<.001
Walking ability, median (IR)	2 (0 to 12)	0 (0 to 2)	<.001
Walking endurance, median (IR)	6 (2 to 20)	2 (0 to 6)	<.001
IADLs, median (IR)	4 (1 to 8)	0 (0 to 4)	<.001
Chronic diseases,‡n, median (IR)	2 (1 to 3)	1 (0 to 2)	<.001
Prescription medications, n, mean (SD)	8 (3.8)	6.4 (3.7)	.010
Medications, total n, mean (SD)	11.1 (4.8)	9.4 (4.2)	.018
Active problems, n, median (IR)	5 (3 to 7)	3 (2 to 5)	<.001
Emergency admission, n (%)	22 (59.5)	152 (27.7)	<.001
Diagnosis of
Pneumonia, n (%)	8 (21.6)	46 (8.4)	.014
Depression, n (%)	8 (21.6)	59 (10.8)	.050
Parkinson's Disease, n (%)	3 (8.1)	6 (1.1)	.015
Insulin-requiring DM, n (%)	7 (18.9)	35 (6.4)	.012
APACHE II score, mean (SD)	14.5 (5)	10.2 (3.9)	<.001
Charlson's Co-morbidity Index, median (IR)	3 (2 to 4)	2 (1 to 3)	<.001
Admitted to surgical service, n (%)	11 (29.7)	258 (47)	.041

^*As described in the text, Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale ranges from 0 (completely independent in bathing, dressing, toileting, transfers, continence, and feeding) to 12 (totally dependent in all categories).

^†Highest level of function within the 30 days prior to admission as determined by questionnaire using either the Katz Index of ADL scale²⁸ or the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Instrumental ADL Scale.²⁹

^‡The number of diagnoses (from 0 to 7) from the following categories: congestive heart failure, non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM), cerebral vascular accident, dementia (Alzheimer's or multi-infarct), Parkinson's, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and end stage renal failure.

IR, interquartile range.