Table 1.
Screening Measures Recommended by National Organizations31
| Disease/Condition | Procedure | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | ||
| Females aged 50–59 years | Mammography annually | USPTF, ACP, CTF, ACS, ACOG, AAFP |
| Females aged ≥60 years | Mammography every 2 years | USPTF, ACP, CTF, ACS, ACOG, AAFP |
| All females | Annual breast examination | USPTF, ACP, CTF, ACS, ACOG, AAFP |
| Cervical cancer | ||
| Sexually active females aged 19–70 years | Pap smear every 3 years after 2 normal | HEDIS, USPSTF, ACP, CTF, ACS, ACOG, AAFP |
| Ovarian/vaginal cancer | Pelvic examination annually | ACS, ACOG, AAFP |
| Colorectoral cancer | Fecal occult blood annually | USPSTF, ACP, ACS, ACOG |
| Aged ≥50 years | ||
| High cholesterol | Serum cholesterol every 5 years | HEDIS, USPSTF, ACP, AAFP, Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults |
| Aged 18–65 years | ||
| Hypertension | Blood pressure every visit; ≤every 2 years | USPSTF, ACP, CTF, Joint Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, ACP, AAFP |
| All ages | if diastolic <85 and systolic <140; | |
| Annual if diastolic 85–89 and systolic 140–159 | ||
| Pneumococcal pneumonia | Pneumovax every 5 years | USPSTF, ACP, CDC, AAFP |
| Aged ≥65 years and high risk* | ||
| Influenza | Vaccinate annually | USPSTF, ACP, CTF, ACOG, AAFP, CDC Immunization Practices Committee |
| Ages ≥65 years and high risk* | ||
| Tuberculosis | PPD once | USPSTF, CDC, CTF, AAFP† |
| Any age | ||
| Smoking | Cessation counseling annually | USPSTF, ACP, CTF, ACOG, AAFP |
| All ages | ||
| Thyroid disease | Thyroid function tests, once then at clinical discretion | USPSTF, CTF, AAFP‡ |
| Females aged ≥60 years | ||
| Hearing impairment | Hearing test at least once, then screening frequency at clinical discretion | AAFP, Institute of Medicine |
| Aged ≥65 years | ||
| Visual impairment | Vision test at least once, then screening frequency at clinical discretion | USPSTF, CTF, AAFP, American Academy of Ophthalmology |
| Aged ≥65 years | ||
| Glaucoma | At least once, then screening frequency at clinical discretion | USPSTF, CTF§, American Academy of Ophthalmology |
| Aged ≥65 years | ||
| Falls | Query about falls annually | USPSTF, AAFP∥ |
| Dementia | Screen for dementia | |
| Incontinence | Query about incontinence annually |
Cardiovascular/lung disease, diabetes, alcoholism, immunocompromise, renal failure, HIV, cancer.
All recommendations for high risk group defined as low income, underserved aged 25 to 64 years, Native American aged ≥65 years.
USPSTF and CTF in women with at least 1 symptom; AAFP periodically in older women.
“Prudent” recommendation.
Periodic inquiries into functional status.
USPSTF indicates U.S. Preventive Services Task Force; ACP, American College of Physicians; CTF, Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination; ACS, American Cancer Society; ACOG, American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology; HEDIS, National Committee for Quality Assurance, Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set; AAFP, American Academy of Family Physicians; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.