Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients*
| Characteristic | APPROACH (n=1,121) | Control (n=1,172) | P Value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, y | 53.3 | 54.6 | .02 |
| Male, % | 52.9 | 52.1 | .68 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | |||
| African American | 25.6 | 27.4 | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 20.8 | 21.9 | |
| White | 28.5 | 26.0 | |
| Hispanic | 23.6 | 22.0 | |
| Other | 1.5 | 2.7 | |
| Language, % English | 75.1 | 76.8 | .35 |
| Insurance status, % | <.01 | ||
| Medi-Cal (Medicaid) | 29.9 | 29.7 | |
| Medicare | 23.1 | 29.8 | |
| Uninsured | 40.1 | 34.1 | |
| Other | 3.1 | 2.6 | |
| Prior year SFGH utilization (mean visits/y) | |||
| Primary care (GMC) | 4.8 | 4.8 | .81 |
| Specialty care | 4.3 | 4.6 | .21 |
| Total emergency care | 1.3 | 1.2 | .70 |
| Low-acuity emergency care | 0.7 | 0.6 | .70 |
| Hospital (inpatient) care | 0.48 | 0.44 | .41 |
| Patients with 1 or more hospitalizations, % | 16.6 | 14.5 | .17 |
| Attending-level primary care physician, % | 49.9 | 49.5 | .86 |
| Medical conditions, % | |||
| Hypertension | 64.9 | 64.8 | .93 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 29.4 | 31.7 | .23 |
| Congestive heart failure | 12.9 | 12.1 | .60 |
| Asthma | 11.2 | 13.7 | .07 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 12.7 | 12.0 | .64 |
| HIV disease | 3.9 | 4.3 | .68 |
*
APPROACH indicates Ambulatory Patient–Physician Relationship Organized to Achieve Coordinated Healthcare; SFGH, San Francisco General Hospital; GMC, General Medical Clinic.
†
Unclustered t tests.