Table 1.
Baseline Primary Care Clinician Characteristics Overall and by Intervention Condition*
| Clinician Characteristic* | All Providers (N = 160) | QI-Meds (N = 49) | QI-Therapy (N = 58) | Usual Care (N = 53) | Meds + Therapy (N = 107) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, y | 43.7 (9.1) | 44.0 (8.3) | 43.1 (9.5) | 44.0 (9.4) | 43.5 (9.0) |
| Female, % | 35.6 | 30.6 | 41.4 | 34.0 | 36.5 |
| Non-Hispanic white, % | 69.6 | 77.6 | 60.7 | 71.7 | 68.6 |
| Provider type, % | |||||
| Internal medicine physician | 33.1 | 32.7 | 37.9 | 28.3 | 35.5 |
| Family or general physician | 53.1 | 61.2 | 43.1 | 56.6 | 51.4 |
| Nonphysician | 13.8 | 6.1 | 19.0 | 15.1 | 13.1 |
| Time since completed training, y | 11.7 (9.7) | 12.0 (9.6) | 12.0 (9.9) | 11.1 (9.7) | 12.0 (9.7) |
| Board certified, % | 77.9 | 76.1 | 79.6 | 77.8 | 77.9 |
| Hours per week in office-based direct primary care | 37.1 (8.8) | 36.7 (8.3) | 36.6 (8.9) | 38.1 (9.3) | 36.7 (8.6) |
| Visits with depressed patients, % of total | 6.8 (6.0) | 6.4 (5.3) | 7.1 (6.3) | 7.0 (6.5) | 6.8 (5.8) |
| Case mix | |||||
| Mental health, 0–100† | 50.1 (1.7) | 50.2 (1.5) | 50.1 (1.7) | 50.2 (1.9) | 50.1 (1.6) |
| Physical health, 0–100† | 47.0 (3.0) | 46.8 (3.1) | 47.0 (3.3) | 47.0 (2.8) | 46.9 (3.2) |
| Number of chronic diseases† | 1.5 (0.49) | 1.5 (0.46) | 1.6 (0.54) | 1.5 (0.48) | 1.5 (0.50) |
| Exposure to non-PIC depression practice activities | |||||
| (Receptivity) Definitely need to change/improve management of patients with depression, %§ | 22.1 | 27.3 | 29.4 | 8.9 | 28.4 |
| CME for depression, hours/past 3 years | 7.7 (9.9) | 7.3 (8.5) | 7.8 (7.8) | 7.8 (13.0) | 7.6 (8.0) |
| QA for mental health care, hours/past year | 0.69 (3.3) | 0.93 (4.1) | 0.98 (3.9) | 0.17 (0.91) | .96 (4.0) |
| Read articles about major depression, no. times past/year‡ | 4.2 (4.4) | 4.0 (4.1) | 5.1 (5.7) | 3.3 (2.5) | 4.6 (5.0) |
| Consulted a mental health specialist about treating depression, no. times/past year | 6.1 (5.9) | 6.0 (6.0) | 5.9 (5.8) | 6.5 (5.9) | 6.0 (5.9) |
| Detailed by a pharmaceutical company about depression medication, no. times/past year‡ | 14.0 (22.6) | 16.6 (34.5) | 12.7 (16.2) | 12.8 (12.0) | 14.5 (26.2) |
| Preauthorization requests for referral to mental health specialty, no. requests/past year | 17.5 (23.9) | 16.9 (25.4) | 18.9 (23.6) | 16.1 (23.3) | 18.1 (24.2) |
| Preauthorization requests for SSRI antidepressants, no. requests/past year | 16.2 (26.0) | 16.1 (27.1) | 16.1 (22.9) | 16.4 (29.3) | 16.1 (24.6) |
*
Standard deviations in parentheses for continuous variables only.
†
Patient case mix data aggregated to clinician level.
‡
P < .001 for pooled interventions compared with usual care.
§
All comparisons except between QI-meds and QI-therapy were significant at P < .05. Otherwise, no other comparisons for other variables (3- or 2-group) were significant at P = .10 or below.
PIC indicates Partners in Care; CME, continuing medical education; QA, quality assurance; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.