Table 3.
Multivariable Predictors of Propensity to Seek Care in the Emergency Department for HIV-Associated Symptoms
| Early HIV Disease* | Advanced HIV Disease† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Race or ethnic group | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | ||
| African-American | 4.7 (3.1 to 7.1) | <.0001 | 2.5 (1.8 to 3.4) | <.0001 |
| Hispanic | 2.4 (1.4 to 4.3) | <.01 | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) | — |
| Other | 2.1 (1.0 to 4.4) | <.05 | 1.5 (0.5 to 4.2) | — |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2) | <.01 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | — |
| Less education | ||||
| High school or less | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) | — | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) | <.01 |
| Habits | ||||
| Drug-dependent | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | — | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) | <.01 |
| Income | ||||
| >$25,000 per year | Ref | Ref | ||
| $10,000 to $25,000 | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.1) | — | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | — |
| $5,000 to $10,000 | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0) | — | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.1) | — |
| <$5,000 per year | 1.8 (1.1 to 3.0) | <.05 | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.3) | <.05 |
| Access to care | ||||
| Long wait to get an appointment | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.1) | <.05 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | — |
| Long travel time to appointments | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | — | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | <.05 |
| Usually see the same provider | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) | — | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) | <.05 |
| Long time in care with usual provider | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.1) | — | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) | <.06 |
| Psychological status | ||||
| Psychological well-being | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) | <.01 | 0.9 (0.9 to 1.0) | <.05 |
| Greater cognitive denial | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.0) | — | 0.9 (0.9 to 1.0) | <.01 |
| Geographic region | ||||
| Midwest | Ref | Ref | ||
| Northeast | 2.5 (1.6 to 4.0) | <.0001 | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) | <.001 |
| South | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.2) | — | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | — |
| West | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.4) | — | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | — |
No past AIDS-defining opportunistic complications, most recent CD4 cell count ≥200/μL. Pseudo R2= .21.
One or more AIDS-defining opportunistic complications, or most recent CD4 cell count <200/μL. Pseudo R2= .10.
Ordered logit models from weighted data predicting high, medium, or low propensity to seek care in the emergency department. Models include covariate adjustment for CD4 cell count, general health, and health insurance status; odds ratios for these covariates were not significant. Other variables included in the models but not significant were trust in provider, social and tangible support, knowledge about HIV, and desire for involvement with medical decisions. For full variable descriptions, see Methods.
CI indicates confidence interval; Ref, the reference group.