Table 2.

Factors Independently Associated with Self-Reported Use of Antibiotics for a Respiratory Illness Within the Past Year, Identified by Multivariate Analysis ^*

Factor	ParameterEstimate	StandardError	Adjusted Odds Ratio(95% Confidence Interval)
Experiences
Consulting an advice nurse at least some of the time	1.076	.30	2.93 (1.65, 5.32)
Having ever been told by a provider that antibiotics are not  needed for a respiratory illness episode	0.603	.29	2.02 (1.15, 3.55)
Having a chronic medical condition	0.695	.34	2.00 (1.03, 3.90)
Antibiotic beliefs
Thinking antibiotics are helpful at least some of the time for  viral respiratory illnesses †	0.909	.32	2.48 (1.34, 4.70)
Thinking antibiotics are helpful at least some of the time for  bacterial respiratory illnesses ‡	0.970	.45	2.64 (1.15, 6.70)

^*Multivariate logistic regression model controlled for age, race/ethnicity, sex, marital status, education, and parental status (goodness-of-fit p= .46).

^†Viral illness description included the examples “common cold” and “the flu.”

^‡Bacterial illness description included the examples “pneumonia” and “strep throat.”