Initial breath-by-breath effects of adding 11 cmH2O PEEP in mechanically ventilated anesthetized dogs on carbon dioxide volume exhaled per breath (VCO2,br), end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2), exhaled tidal volume (VT), and cardiac output (QT, aorta flow probe). PaCO2, arterial PCO2; P CO2, mixed venous PCO2. Adapted from Breen and Mazumdar [3].