Kinetic analysis of donor strand exchange at 25°C. (A–E) The FimCHis:FimA complex was incubated either alone or with FimAA, a mixture of FimAA and FimCHis or the donor strand of FimA (DSFimA). After different reaction times, the concentrations of FimCHis:FimA and free FimCHis were measured by ion-exchange chromatography (filled circles and triangles, respectively). The solid lines represent fits to a second-order reaction (complex alone) or parallel second-order and pseudo-first-order reactions (all other reactions). (F–H) DSE reaction schemes. Components with the attacking donor strand are coloured and the FimCHis:FimA complex under attack is depicted in grey. In (F), the two alternative mechanisms of DSE are shown for the reaction in which FimCHis:FimA alone undergoes DSE. When FimAA or DSFimA is also present, parallel reactions occur (G,H). DSE, donor strand exchange.