Site-specific disulfide cross-linking of FecA (DALTV)/Cys and TonB/Cys can occur without a functional TonB/ExbB/ExbD complex. Cross-linking experiments were performed in E. coli strain HE2350 (GM1 tolQ exb::Tn10 [exbD] tonB) expressing one of the FecA/Cys series (D80C [DC], A81C [AC], L82C [LC], T83C [TC], and V84C [VC]) and either TonBQ160C, TonBQ162C, or TonBY163C (as indicated on the left) together with either a functional ExbBD (+) or nonfunctional ExbB/ExbD(D25N) (−) complex. Cross-linking experiments were performed as described in the legend to Fig. 4, but sodium citrate was not added. TonB and TonB′ cross-linked with FecA are indicated on the right.