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. 2003;5(Suppl 1):S16–S21.

Table 4.

Factors Influencing the Variability in Presentation of Andropause and the Attendant Testosterone Values

  • Normal ranges vary widely

  • History of individual normal testosterone is unknown

  • Sensitivity of target organs (brain, muscle, bone, etc) varies

  • Other unmeasured hormones contribute

  • Potential, unrecognized endocrine disruptors