Table 1.

Frequency of major genetic alterations in pancreatic carcinoma.

Gene	Reference	Normal	PanIN1A	PanIN1B	PanIN2	PanIN3	Carcinoma
K-RAS	[6]	0%	38%	44%		87%
	[36]	3%	30%	31%	73%
							~90%
INK4a	[19]	0%	30%	27%	55%	71%	100%
	[14]		33%				40%
TP53	[37]	0%				12%	40%
	[35]	0%		35%		36%	40%
	[36]	0%	0%	0%	9,1%		87%
	[9]	0%	0%	0%	20%	57%	47%
DPC4/Smad4	[47]		0%	0%	0%	31%	55%
	[9]	0%	0%	0%	0%	33%	66%