FIG. 2.

Vpr does not increase integration from integrase-defective HIV-1. HeLa cells (5 × 10⁵) were coinfected with 800 ng of p24 antigen from virus VprX IN⁺ or VprX D64E and 2.5 μg of p24 antigen from virus with the phenotype RNA⁻ Vpr⁻ or RNA⁻ Vpr⁺ (mock or Vpr, respectively). At day 2 postinfection, cells were harvested and subjected to luciferase analysis (A) or Southern blot analysis (B). The amount of integrated proviral DNA was calculated by subtracting the signals of unintegrated linear and circular viral DNA from the total amount of viral DNA.