TGF-β1 detection in fresh lavage. (a–f) Freshly harvested cells were stained with chicken anti–hTGF-β1 IgY, followed by goat anti-chicken IgG Alexa 488. High levels of TGF-β1 were detected in (a) thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal (3 days old) and (b) LPS-elicited alveolar (2 days old) macrophages, but not in (c) resident peritoneal macrophages, (d) resident alveolar macrophages, or thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TPMφ’s) with (e) secondary antibody alone and (f) with isotype control. (g) Lavage supernatants from resident (unstimulated) lungs or peritonea had small amounts of TGF-β1, while LPS-stimulated lungs and thioglycollate-stimulated peritonea had high levels of TGF-β1 upon harvest. *P < 0.05, n ≥ 8, ± SD.