Abstract
Diamines in the series NH2.(CH2)n.NH2 specifically potentiate histamine contractions of the guinea-pig ileum and inhibit the enzymatic destruction of histamine. These activities are greatest with short-chain compounds (n≃5). Diamines also release histamine from isolated tissues and depress the contractility of plain muscle and the motility of paramecia. These activities increase with chain-length and are probably limited only by solubility. The parallelism between histamine-releasing activity and toxicity also extends to the monoamines in the series CH3.(CH2)n-1.NH2. Histamine-releasing activity of both series increases with increase of pH and can mainly be attributed to the non-ionized base.
From the results on the effect of chain-length and ionization on activity, it is suggested that aliphatic amines release histamine by penetration of the cell membrane in the non-ionized form, followed by exchange in the ionic form with intracellular histamine.
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Selected References
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