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Schematic model representing the potential mechanism of COX-2 regulation of mesenchymal cell differentiation in bone repair. In the proposed model, COX-2 is induced in the early phase of the bone reparative process and produces increased amounts of PGE2 in the local milieu. PGE2 may induce BMPs and/or cooperate with BMPs to increase cbfa1 and osterix, two essential transcription factors required for both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation.
