Figure 1.

Main Routes for Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

The pathway is initiated by the condensation of 4-coumaroyl-CoA (derived from phenylpropanoid metabolism) with malonyl-CoA. The three major end products of flavonoid metabolism in Arabidopsis are presented with indications of their respective color and localization. Enzymes are designated in capital letters. Mutants corresponding to genes of known function are indicated in lowercase italic letters. Dotted lines indicate different unidentified steps. ban, banyuls; CHI, chalcone isomerase; CHS, chalcone synthase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3′H, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase; LAR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase; tt, transparent testa.