Tibial (At) and vertebral (Av) growth plate area values in mm2 for rats, rabbits and calves having body weight 125 g, 1250 g and 45 kg respectively. These values were used to convert ‘nominal’ to ‘actual’ stresses according to the ratio between the initial estimates available at the beginning of the experiment, and the final values obtained from experimental animals at the time of dissection. Since the actual areas were not known until the end of the experiments, the spring forces for each animal was set to an expected ‘nominal’ value. (See Equation 1).