Table 1.
Symptoms at presentation and demographic, personal, and family characteristics by serology results for Bordetella pertussis among 172 children with persistent cough (≥14 days). Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
|
Serology*
|
Odds ratio (95% CI)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Positive (n=64) | Negative (n=108) | Crude | Adjusted† |
| Demographic | ||||
| Mean (range) age (years) | 9.8 (5 to 16.8) | 9.1 (5 to 16.9) | - | - |
| Male sex | 36 (56.3) | 58 (53.7) | 1.11 (0.60 to 2.06) | - |
| Personal | ||||
| Immunisation‡ | 55 (85.9) | 104 (97.2) | 0.18 (0.05 to 0.68) | - |
| Asthma | 15 (23.4) | 26 (24.1) | 0.97 (0.47 to 2.00) | - |
| Family | ||||
| Smoking§¶ | 20 (31.7) | 42 (42.0) | 0.64 (0.33 to 1.25) | - |
| Household member coughing | 34 (53.1) | 46 (42.6) | 1.53 (0.82 to 2.84) | - |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Whooping‡ | 32 (50.0) | 29 (27.1) | 2.69 | 2.85 (1.39 to 5.82) |
| Vomiting | 45 (70.3) | 42 (38.9) | 3.72 | 4.35 (2.04 to 9.25) |
| Paroxysms of coughing | 55 (85.9) | 82 (75.9) | 1.94 | 1.87 (0.76 to 4.62) |
| Apnoea | 14 (21.9) | 12 (11.1) | 2.24 | 2.03 (0.81 to 5.09) |
| Cyanosis | 6 (9.4) | 6 (5.6) | 1.76 | 2.00 (0.51 to 7.88) |
| Sputum production§ | 44 (69.8) | 60 (55.6) | 1.85 | 2.39 (1.14 to 5.02) |
| Sweating§ | 24 (38.1) | 56 (51.9) | 0.57 | 0.70 (0.35 to 1.38) |
| Sinus pain‡ | 9 (14.1) | 23 (21.5) | 0.60 | 0.65 (0.26 to 1.61) |
| Sneezing | 29 (45.3) | 59 (54.6) | 0.69 | 0.51 (0.25 to 1.03) |
| Headache‡ | 29 (45.3) | 63 (58.9) | 0.58 | 0.72 (0.37 to 1.41) |
| Wheezing | 19 (29.7) | 47 (43.5) | 0.55 | 0.47 (0.22 to 0.99) |
*
Positive serology defined as a IgG titre to pertussis toxin of >100 ELISA units/ml for 63 children and fourfold change in paired sera for one child.
†
Adjusted for age, sex, immunisation, asthma, parent smoking, and household member coughing.
‡
Negative serology, n=107.
§
Positive serology, n=63.
¶
Negative serology, n=100.