Table 1. COMPARISONS OF FOUR CATEGORIES OF PATIENTS WITH STAGE IVA HCC

Continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD; otherwise figures indicate number of patients. HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; ICG-R15, indocyanine green retention at 15 minutes; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization.

* Included 21 patients with invasion of the diaphragm, 3 patients with invasion of the colon, 2 patients with invasion of the right adrenal gland, and 1 patient with invasion of the right kidney. Invasion of adjacent organs was confirmed histologically.

† Included both parenchymal involvement of the margin and venous permeation at the margin.

‡ Serum AFP levels of patients with bilobar multiple tumors were significantly lower than those of the other three groups (P < .05).

§ The proportion of patients with positive microscopic venous invasion was significantly higher in patients with macroscopic invasion of portal or hepatic veins than in the other three categories (P < .05). Otherwise there were no significant differences between any groups in any other parameters.