FIG. 7.

Signal transduction pathways for Ras/Raf-mediated growth inhibition and differentiation. The potential growth-inhibitory signaling by Ras/Raf is depicted. The autocrine-paracrine signaling diverges from the intracellular signaling distal to MEK/ERK. The extracellular pathway mediates its effect through LIF expression and activation of JAK-STAT3.