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Gβγ or Gi signaling is not involved in β1AR-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Neither inhibition of Gβγ signaling by adenoviral expression of βARK-ct nor disruption of Gi signaling by pretreatment of cells with PTX (1 μg/ml for 3 hours) altered ISO-induced (1 μM) DNA fragmentation assayed by cell death ELISA in β1β2 DKO cells infected by Adv-β1AR. *P < 0.01 vs. ISO-untreated myocytes. n = 6–7 independent experiments for each group.
