Table 2.

Multivariate model of use of outpatient mental health services in a cohort of children investigated by child welfare for alleged child abuse or neglect, as reported by caregivers (N=3,117)^a

Baseline characteristics of children	Beta estimate	SE	Hazard ratio	95% CI	p
Child welfare involvement					<.001
In-home care and did not receive further child welfare services	−1.18	.22	.31	.20–.47
In-home care and received further child welfare services	−.81	.21	.45	.29–.68
Out-of-home care	—		1.00
Age (years)					.02
2 to 3	−1.07	.33	.34	.18–.66
4 to 5	−.18	.23	.84	.53–1.33
6 to 10	−.3	.19	.74	.51–1.07
11 to 14	—		1.00
Gender					.51
Male	.12	.19	1.13	.78–1.65
Female	—
Race or ethnicity					.01
African American	−.59	.2	.55	.37–.82
Hispanic	−.51	.25	.60	.36–1.00
Other	−.3	.29	.74	.41–1.32
Caucasian	—		1.00
Maltreatment type (not mutually exclusive)
Physical abuse (reference, not abused)	.31	.15	1.36	1.01–1.83	<.05
Sexual abuse (reference, not abused)	.25	.2	1.28	.86–1.93	.22
Physical neglect (reference, not neglected)	−.43	.2	.65	.44–.98	.04
Supervisory neglect (reference, not neglected)	.02	.13	1.02	.78–1.33	.88
Emotional abuse (reference, not abused)	.10	.22	1.10	.71–1.71	.67
Abandonment (reference, not abandoned)	.61	.23	1.85	1.17–2.93	<.01
Child Behavior Checklist scoreb
64 or greater	.87	.17	2.39	1.71–3.33	<.001
Less than 64	—
Insurance					<.05
Public	.69	.28	1.99	1.15–3.46
Private and military	.65	.3	1.91	1.05–3.49
None	—		1.00

^aEvent history analysis models the risk or hazard of an event occurring. The interpretation of the risk ratio is analogous to that of an odds ratio.

^bPossible scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher need.